World record progression 100 metres freestyle

The first world record in the men's 100 metres freestyle in long course (50 metres) swimming was recognised by the International Swimming Federation (FINA) in 1905. In the short course (25 metres) swimming events the world's governing body recognizes world records since 3 March 1991.

Times have consistently dropped over the years due to better training techniques and to new developments in the sport.

In the first four Olympics competitions were not held in pools, but rather in open water (1896- The Mediterranean Sea, 1900- The Seine River, 1904- an artificial lake, 1906- The Mediterranean Sea). The 1904 Olympics freestyle race was the only one ever measured at 100 yards, instead of the usual 100 metres. A 100 metre pool was built for the 1908 Olympics and sat in the centre of the main stadium's track and field oval. The 1912 Olympics, held in the Stockholm harbour, marked the beginning of electronic timing.

Male swimmers wore full body suits up until the 1940s, which caused more drag in the water than their modern swim-wear counterparts. Also, over the years, pool designs have lessened the drag. Some design considerations allow for the reduction of swimming resistance making the pool faster. Namely, proper pool depth, elimination of currents, increased lane width, energy absorbing racing lane lines and gutters, and the use of other innovative hydraulic, acoustic and illumination designs.

The 1924 Summer Olympics were the first to use the standard 50 metre pool with marked lanes. In the freestyle, swimmers originally dove from the pool walls, but diving blocks were eventually incorporated at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The tumble turn ("flip-turn") was developed by the 1950s.

Contents

Men

Long course

# Time Name Nationality Date Meet Location Ref
1  1:05.8  Halmay , Zoltán Zoltán Halmay  Hungary 01905-12-03 3 December 1905 - Vienna, Austria
2  1:05.6  Daniels , Charles Charles Daniels  United States 01908-07-20 20 July 1908 Olympic Games London, United Kingdom [1]
3  1:02.8  (tt)
 Daniels , Charles Charles Daniels  United States 01910-04-15 15 April 1910 Special record attempt by the New York AC New York City, United States [2]
4  1:02.4  Bretting , Kurt Kurt Bretting  Germany 01912-04-06 6 April 1912 - Brussels, Belgium [3]
5  1:01.6  Kahanamoku , Duke Duke Kahanamoku  United States 01912-07-20 20 July 1912 - Hamburg, Germany
6  1:01.4  Kahanamoku , Duke Duke Kahanamoku  United States 01918-08-09 9 August 1918 International exhibition New York City, United States [4]
7  1:00.4  Kahanamoku , Duke Duke Kahanamoku  United States 01920-08-24 24 August 1920 Olympic Games Antwerp, Belgium
8  58.6  Weissmuller , Johnny Johnny Weissmuller  United States 01922-07-19 19 July 1922 - Alameda, California, United States
9  57.4  Weissmuller , Johnny Johnny Weissmuller  United States 01924-02-17 17 February 1924 - Miami, United States
10  56.8  Fick , Peter Peter Fick  United States 01934-03-02 2 March 1934 Yale University Swimming Carnival New Haven, United States [5]
11  56.6  (tt)
 Fick , Peter Peter Fick  United States 01935-03-05 5 March 1935 Yale University Swimming Carnival New Haven, United States [6]
12  56.4  Fick , Peter Peter Fick  United States 01936-02-11 11 February 1936 Yale Benefit Event for the United States Olympic team New Haven, United States [7]
13  55.9  (tt)
 Ford , Alan Alan Ford  United States 01944-04-13 13 April 1944 Special record attempt New Haven, United States [8]
14  55.8  Jany , Alex Alex Jany  France 01947-09-15 15 September 1947 - Menton, France
15  55.4  (tt)
 Ford , Alan Alan Ford  United States 01948-06-29 29 June 1948 New Haven Swim Club team time trial New Haven, United States [9]
16  54.8  (tt)
 Cleveland , Dick Dick Cleveland  United States 01954-04-01 1 April 1954 AAU Championships New Haven, United States [10]
17  55.4  Henricks , Jon Jon Henricks  Australia 01956-11-30 30 November 1956 Olympic Games Melbourne, Australia [11]
18  55.2  Devitt , John John Devitt  Australia 01957-01-19 19 January 1957 New South Wales State Championships Sydney, Australia [12]
19  54.6  Devitt , John John Devitt  Australia 01957-01-28 28 January 1957 Queensland State Championships Brisbane, Australia [13]
20  54.4  Clark , Stephen Stephen Clark  United States 01961-08-18 18 August 1961 Men's NAAA Championships Los Angeles, United States [14]
21  53.6  (tt)
 Santos , Manuel dos Manuel dos Santos  Brazil 01961-09-20 20 September 1961 Special record attempt by the CR Guanabara Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
22  52.9  Gottvallès , Alain Alain Gottvallès  France 01964-09-13 13 September 1964 - Budapest, Hungary
22=  52.9  (r)
 Clark , Stephen Stephen Clark  United States 01964-10-14 14 October 1964 Olympic Games Tokyo, Japan [15]
23  52.6  Walsh , Ken Ken Walsh  United States 01967-07-27 27 July 1967 Pan American Games Winnipeg, Canada [16]
23=  52.6  Zorn , Zachary Zachary Zorn  United States 01968-09-02 2 September 1968 USA Olympic Trials (elec. 52.58) Los Angeles, United States [17]
24  52.2  Wenden , Michael Michael Wenden  Australia 01968-10-19 19 October 1968 Olympic Games Mexico City, Mexico [18]
25  51.94  (h)
 Spitz , Mark Mark Spitz  United States 01970-08-23 23 August 1970 AAU Championships Los Angeles, United States [19]
26  51.47  (h)
 Spitz , Mark Mark Spitz  United States 01972-08-05 5 August 1972 USA Olympic Trials Chicago, United States [20]
27  51.22  Spitz , Mark Mark Spitz  United States 01972-09-03 3 September 1972 Olympic Games Munich, West Germany [21]
28  51.12  (h)
 Montgomery , Jim Jim Montgomery  United States 01975-06-21 21 June 1975 AAU World Championship Trials Long Beach, United States [22]
29  51.11  Coan , Andy Andy Coan  United States 01975-08-03 3 August 1975 An Amateur Athletic Union Region Four meet Fort Lauderdale, United States [23]
30  50.59  (sf)
 Montgomery , Jim Jim Montgomery  United States 01975-08-23 23 August 1975 AAU Championships Kansas City, United States [24]
31  50.39  (sf)
 Montgomery , Jim Jim Montgomery  United States 01976-07-24 24 July 1976 Olympic Games Montreal, Canada [25]
32  49.99  Montgomery , Jim Jim Montgomery  United States 01976-07-25 25 July 1976 Olympic Games Montreal, Canada [26]
33  49.44  Skinner , Jonty Jonty Skinner  South Africa 01976-08-14 14 August 1976 AAU Championships Philadelphia, United States [27]
34  49.36  (tt)
 Gaines , Rowdy Rowdy Gaines  United States 01981-04-03 3 April 1981 Longhorn Invitational Austin, United States
35  49.24  (h)
 Biondi , Matt Matt Biondi  United States 01985-08-06 6 August 1985 USA Summer Nationals Mission Viejo, United States [28]
36  48.95  Biondi , Matt Matt Biondi  United States 01985-08-06 6 August 1985 USA Summer Nationals Mission Viejo, United States [29]
37  48.74  Biondi , Matt Matt Biondi  United States 01986-06-24 24 June 1986 USA World Championships Trials Orlando, United States [30]
38  48.42  Biondi , Matt Matt Biondi  United States 01988-08-10 10 August 1988 USA Olympic Trials Austin, United States
39  48.21  Popov , Alexander Alexander Popov  Russia 01994-06-18 18 June 1994 International Swimming Meeting of Monte Carlo Monte-Carlo, Monaco
40  48.18  (r)
 Klim , Michael Michael Klim  Australia 02000-09-16 16 September 2000 Olympic Games Sydney, Australia [31]
41  47.84  (sf)
 Hoogenband , Pieter van den Pieter van den Hoogenband  Netherlands 02000-09-19 19 September 2000 Olympic Games Sydney, Australia [32]
42  47.60  (sf)
 Bernard , Alain Alain Bernard  France 02008-03-21 21 March 2008 European Championships Eindhoven, Netherlands [33]
43  47.50  Bernard , Alain Alain Bernard  France 02008-03-22 22 March 2008 European Championships Eindhoven, Netherlands [34]
44  47.24  (r)
 Sullivan , Eamon Eamon Sullivan  Australia 02008-08-11 11 August 2008 Olympic Games Beijing, China [35]
45  47.20  (sf)
 Bernard , Alain Alain Bernard  France 02008-08-13 13 August 2008 Olympic Games Beijing, China [36]
46  47.05  (sf)
 Sullivan , Eamon Eamon Sullivan  Australia 02008-08-13 13 August 2008 Olympic Games Beijing, China
N/A  46.94  Bernard , Alain Alain Bernard  France 02009-04-23 23 April 2009 French National Championships Montpellier, France [37][38]
47  46.91  Cielo , César César Cielo  Brazil 02009-07-30 30 July 2009 World Championships Rome, Italy [39]

Short course

# Time Name Nationality Date Meet Location Ref
1  47.94  Borges , Gustavo Gustavo Borges  Brazil 01993-07-02 2 July 1993 BRA Nationals São Paulo, Brazil
2  47.83  Popov , Alexander Alexander Popov  Russia 01994-01-01 1 January 1994 World Cup Hong Kong, Hong Kong
3  47.82  Popov , Alexander Alexander Popov  Russia 01994-01-05 5 January 1994 World Cup Beijing, China
4  47.12  Popov , Alexander Alexander Popov  Russia 01994-03-12 12 March 1994 World Cup Desenzano del Garda, Italy
5  46.74  Popov , Alexander Alexander Popov  Russia 01994-03-19 19 March 1994 World Cup Gelsenkirchen, Germany
6  46.25  Crocker , Ian Ian Crocker  United States 02004-03-27 27 March 2004 NCAA Men's Division 1 Championships East Meadow, United States [40]
6=  46.25  Schoeman , Roland Roland Schoeman  South Africa 02005-01-22 22 January 2005 World Cup Berlin, Germany [41]
7  45.83  Nystrand , Stefan Stefan Nystrand  Sweden 02007-11-17 17 November 2007 World Cup Berlin, Germany [42]
8  45.69  Bernard , Alain Alain Bernard  France 02008-12-07 7 December 2008 French SC Championships Angers, France
9  45.12  (sf)
 Leveaux , Amaury Amaury Leveaux  France 02008-12-12 12 December 2008 European SC Championships Rijeka, Croatia [43]
10  44.94  Leveaux , Amaury Amaury Leveaux  France 02008-12-13 13 December 2008 European SC Championships Rijeka, Croatia

Women

Long course

# Time Name Nationality Date Meet Location Ref
1  1:35.0  Gerstung , Martha Martha Gerstung  Germany 01908-10-18 18 October 1908 - Magdeburg, Germany
2  1:26.6  Guttenstein , C. C. Guttenstein  Belgium 01910-10-02 2 October 1910 - Schaerbeek, Belgium
3  1:24.6  Curwen , Daisy Daisy Curwen  Great Britain 01911-09-29 29 September 1911 - Liverpool, United Kingdom
4  1:20.6  Curwen , Daisy Daisy Curwen  Great Britain 01912-06-10 10 June 1912 - Birkenhead, United Kingdom
5  1:19.8  Durack , Fanny Fanny Durack  Australia 01912-07-09 9 July 1912 Olympic Games Stockholm, Sweden [44]
6  1:18.8  Durack , Fanny Fanny Durack  Australia 01912-07-21 21 July 1912 - Hamburg, Germany
7  1:16.2  Durack , Fanny Fanny Durack  Australia 01915-02-06 6 February 1915 NSW Ladies' Amateur Championships Sydney, Australia [45]
8  1:14.4  (sf)
 Bleibtrey , Ethelda Ethelda Bleibtrey  United States 01920-08-23 23 August 1920 Olympic Games Antwerp, Belgium
9  1:13.6  Bleibtrey , Ethelda Ethelda Bleibtrey  United States 01920-08-25 25 August 1920 Olympic Games Antwerp, Belgium
10  1:12.8  Ederle , Gertrude Gertrude Ederle  United States 01923-06-30 30 June 1923 - Newark, United States
11  1:12.2  Wehselau , Mariechen Mariechen Wehselau  United States 01924-07-19 19 July 1924 Olympic Games Paris, France
12  1:10.0  Lackie , Ethel Ethel Lackie  United States 01926-01-28 28 January 1926 - Toledo, Ohio, United States
13  1:09.8  Garatti , Eleanor Eleanor Garatti  United States 01929-08-07 7 August 1929 - Honolulu, Hawaii
14  1:09.4  Osipowich , Albina Albina Osipowich  United States 01929-08-25 25 August 1929 - San Francisco, United States
15  1:08.0  Madison , Helene Helene Madison  United States 01930-03-14 14 March 1930 - Miami Beach, United States
16  1:06.6  Madison , Helene Helene Madison  United States 01931-04-20 20 April 1931 - Boston, United States
17  1:06.0  Ouden , Willy den Willy den Ouden  Netherlands 01933-07-09 9 July 1933 - Antwerp, Belgium
18  1:05.4  Ouden , Willy den Willy den Ouden  Netherlands 01934-02-24 24 February 1934 - Amsterdam, Netherlands
19  1:04.8  Ouden , Willy den Willy den Ouden  Netherlands 01934-04-15 15 April 1934 - Rotterdam, Netherlands
20  1:04.6  Ouden , Willy den Willy den Ouden  Netherlands 01936-02-27 27 February 1936 - Amsterdam, Netherlands
21  1:04.5  Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01956-02-21 21 February 1956 Australian Championships Sydney, Australia [46]
22  1:04.2  Gastelaars , Cocky Cocky Gastelaars  Netherlands 01956-03-03 3 March 1956 - Amsterdam, Netherlands
23  1:04.0  Gastelaars , Cocky Cocky Gastelaars  Netherlands 01956-04-14 14 April 1956 - Schiedam, Netherlands
24  1:03.3  Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01956-08-25 25 August 1956 Australian Olympic Squad Swimming Carnival Townsville, Australia [47]
25  1:03.2  Crapp , Lorraine Lorraine Crapp  Australia 01956-10-20 20 October 1956 Australian Olympic Squad Swimming Carnival Sydney, Australia [48]
26  1:02.4  Crapp , Lorraine Lorraine Crapp  Australia 01956-10-25 25 October 1956 Australian Olympic Trials Melbourne, Australia [49]
27  1:02.0  Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01956-12-11 11 December 1956 Olympic Games Melbourne, Australia [50]
28  1:01.5  (yd)
 Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01958-02-18 18 February 1958 Australian Championships Melbourne, Australia [51]
29  1:01.4  (yd)
 Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01958-07-21 21 July 1958 British Empire & Commonwealth Games Cardiff, United Kingdom [52]
30  1:01.2  Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01958-08-10 10 August 1958 - Schiedam, Netherlands
31  1:00.2  (yd)
 Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01960-02-23 23 February 1960 Australian Championships & Olympic Trials Sydney, Australia [53]
32  1:00.0  (yd)
 Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01962-10-23 23 October 1962 Australian British Empire & Commonwealth Games Trials Melbourne, Australia [54]
33  59.9  (yd)
 Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01962-10-27 27 October 1962 Australian British Empire & Commonwealth Games Trials Melbourne, Australia [55]
34  59.5  (yd)
 Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01962-11-24 24 November 1962 British Empire & Commonwealth Games Perth, Western Australia, Australia [56]
35  58.9  Fraser , Dawn Dawn Fraser  Australia 01964-02-29 29 February 1964 Australian Championships & Olympic Trials Sydney, Australia [57]
35=  58.9  Gould , Shane Shane Gould  Australia 01971-04-30 30 April 1971 Coca Cola International London, United Kingdom [58]
36  58.5  Gould , Shane Shane Gould  Australia 01972-01-08 8 January 1972 New South Wales State Championships Sydney, Australia [59]
37  58.25  Ender , Kornelia Kornelia Ender  East Germany 01973-07-13 13 July 1973 GDR Nationals & World Championship Trials East Berlin, East Germany
38  58.12  Ender , Kornelia Kornelia Ender  East Germany 01973-08-18 18 August 1973 - Utrecht (city), Netherlands
39  57.61  (r)
 Ender , Kornelia Kornelia Ender  East Germany 01973-09-08 8 September 1973 World Championships Belgrade, Yugoslavia
40  57.54  Ender , Kornelia Kornelia Ender  East Germany 01973-09-09 9 September 1973 World Championships Belgrade, Yugoslavia
41  57.51  Ender , Kornelia Kornelia Ender  East Germany 01974-07-04 4 July 1974 GDR Nationals & European Championship Trials Rostock, East Germany
42  56.96  Ender , Kornelia Kornelia Ender  East Germany 01974-08-19 19 August 1974 European Championships Vienna, Austria
43  56.38  Ender , Kornelia Kornelia Ender  East Germany 01975-03-14 14 March 1975 GDRvURS Duel Dresden, East Germany
44  56.22  (r)
 Ender , Kornelia Kornelia Ender  East Germany 01975-07-26 26 July 1975 World Championships Cali, Colombia
45  55.73  Ender , Kornelia Kornelia Ender  East Germany 01976-06-01 1 June 1976 GDR Olympic Trials East Berlin, East Germany
46  55.65  Ender , Kornelia Kornelia Ender  East Germany 01976-07-19 19 July 1976 Olympic Games Montréal, Canada
47  55.41  Krause , Barbara Barbara Krause  East Germany 01978-07-05 5 July 1978 GDR Nationals & World Championship Trials East Berlin, East Germany
48  54.98  (h)
 Krause , Barbara Barbara Krause  East Germany 01980-07-20 20 July 1980 Olympic Games Moscow, Soviet Union
49  54.79  Krause , Barbara Barbara Krause  East Germany 01980-07-21 21 July 1980 Olympic Games Moscow, Soviet Union
50  54.73  (r)
 Otto , Kristin Kristin Otto  East Germany 01986-08-19 19 August 1986 World Championships Madrid, Spain
51  54.48  (h)
 Thompson , Jenny Jenny Thompson  United States 01992-03-01 1 March 1992 USA Olympic Trials Indianapolis, IN, United States [60]
52  54.01  Jingyi Le  China 01994-09-05 5 September 1994 World Championships Rome, Italy
53  53.80  Bruijn , Inge de Inge de Bruijn  Netherlands 02000-05-28 28 May 2000 Super Speedo Grand Prix Sheffield, United Kingdom [61]
54  53.77  (sf)
 Bruijn , Inge de Inge de Bruijn  Netherlands 02000-09-20 20 September 2000 Olympic Games Sydney, Australia [62]
55  53.66  (sf)
 Lenton , Lisbeth Lisbeth Lenton  Australia 02004-03-31 31 March 2004 Australian Championships & Olympic Trials Sydney, Australia [63]
56  53.52  (sf)
 Henry , Jodie Jodie Henry  Australia 02004-08-18 18 August 2004 Olympic Games Athens, Greece [64]
57  53.42  (sf)
 Lenton , Lisbeth Lisbeth Lenton  Australia 02006-01-31 31 January 2006 Australian Championships & Commonwealth Games Trials Melbourne, Australia [65]
58  53.30  Steffen , Britta Britta Steffen  Germany 02006-08-02 2 August 2006 European Championships Budapest, Hungary [66]
59  52.88  Trickett , Lisbeth Lisbeth Trickett  Australia 02008-03-27 27 March 2008 Australian Championships & Olympic Trials Sydney, Australia [67]
60  52.85  Steffen , Britta Britta Steffen  Germany 02009-06-25 25 June 2009 German Championships Berlin, Germany [68]
61  52.56  Steffen , Britta Britta Steffen  Germany 02009-06-27 27 June 2009 German Championships Berlin, Germany [69]
62  52.22  (r)
 Steffen , Britta Britta Steffen  Germany 02009-07-26 26 July 2009 World Championships Rome, Italy [70]
63  52.07  Steffen , Britta Britta Steffen  Germany 02009-07-31 31 July 2009 World Championships Rome, Italy [70]

Legend: # – Record awaiting ratification by FINA; (yd) – set in a pool measured in yards;
Records not set in finals: (h) – heat; (sf) – semifinal; (r) – relay 1st leg; (rh) – relay heat 1st leg; (b) – B final; † – en route to final mark; (tt) – time trial

Short course

# Time Name Nationality Date Meet Location Ref
1  53.46  Almsick , Franziska van Franziska van Almsick  Germany 01993-01-06 6 January 1993 World Cup Shanghai, China
2  53.33  Almsick , Franziska van Franziska van Almsick  Germany 01993-01-10 10 January 1993 World Cup Beijing, China
3  53.01  Jingyi Le  China 01993-12-02 2 December 1993 World SC Championships Palma de Mallorca, Spain
4  52.80  Alshammar , Therese Therese Alshammar  Sweden 01999-12-10 10 December 1999 European SC Championships Lisbon, Portugal
5  52.17  Alshammar , Therese Therese Alshammar  Sweden 02000-03-17 17 March 2000 World SC Championships Athens, Greece
6  51.91  (sf)
 Lenton , Lisbeth Lisbeth Lenton  Australia 02005-08-08 8 August 2005 Australian SC Championships Melbourne, Australia [71]
7  51.70  Lenton , Lisbeth Lisbeth Lenton  Australia 02005-08-09 9 August 2005 Australian SC Championships Melbourne, Australia [72]
8  51.01  Trickett , Lisbeth Lisbeth Trickett  Australia 02009-08-10 10 August 2009 Australian SC Championships Hobart, Australia

Legend: # – Record awaiting ratification by FINA;
Records not set in finals: (h) – heat; (sf) – semifinal; (r) – relay 1st leg; (rh) – relay heat 1st leg; (b) – B final; † – en route to final mark; (tt) – time trial

References

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Freestyle
50 m • 100 m • 200 m • 400 m • 800 m • 1500 m
Backstroke
Breaststroke
Butterfly
Individual medley
Relays